#Civilization synonym full#

In 480 BC, Etruria's ally Carthage was defeated by a coalition of Magna Graecia cities led by Syracuse.

From the first half of the 5th century BC, the new international political situation meant the beginning of the Etruscan decline after losing their southern provinces.

#Civilization synonym full#

Though the battle had no clear winner, Carthage managed to expand its sphere of influence at the expense of the Greeks, and Etruria saw itself relegated to the northern Tyrrhenian Sea with full ownership of Corsica.

ДЄround 540 BC, the Battle of Alalia led to a new distribution of power in the western Mediterranean Sea. This led the Etruscans to ally themselves with the Carthaginians, whose interests also collided with the Greeks.

Here their interests collided with those of the Greeks, especially in the 6th century BC, when Phoceans of Italy founded colonies along the coast of France, Spain and Corsica. The mining and commerce of metal, especially copper and iron, led to an enrichment of the Etruscans and to the expansion of their influence in the Italian peninsula and the western Mediterranean sea. However, it is certain that the political structure of the Etruscan culture was similar to, albeit more aristocratic than, Magna Graecia in the south. Some small towns in the 6th century BC disappeared during this time, ostensibly consumed by greater, more powerful neighbours. Etruscan expansion was focused both to the north beyond the Apennines and into Campania. The main hypotheses are that they are indigenous, probably stemming from the Villanovan culture or from the Near East. Historians have no literature, no texts of religion or philosophy therefore much of what is known about this civilization is derived from grave goods and tomb findings. The origins of the Etruscans are lost in prehistory. Д®truscan pendant with swastika symbols, Bolsena, Italy, 700-650 BC. After 500 BC the political destiny of Italy passed out of Etruscan hands. The latter gave way in the 7th century to a culture that was influenced by Greek traders and Greek neighbours in Magna Graecia, the Hellenic civilization of southern Italy. Rome was founded within or adjacent to Etruscan territory, and there is considerable evidence that early Rome was dominated by Etruscans until the Romans sacked Veii in 396В BC.Д¬ulture that is identifiably Etruscan developed in Italy after about 800 BC approximately over the range of the preceding Iron Age Villanovan culture. At its maximum extent, during the foundational period of Rome and the Roman kingdom, it flourished in three confederacies of cities: of Etruria, of the Po valley with the eastern Alps, and of Latium and Campania. 700 BC) until its assimilation into the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. ДЄs distinguished by its unique language, this civilization endured from the time of the earliest Etruscan inscriptions (ca. The Etruscans called themselves Rasenna, which was syncopated to Rasna or RaЕ›na. In Attic Greek, the Etruscans were known as О¤П…ПЃПЃО·ОЅОїбЅ¶ ( TyrrhД“nioi), earlier Tyrsenoi, from which the Romans derived the names TyrrhД“ni (Etruscans), TyrrhД“nia (Etruria), and Mare TyrrhД“num ( Tyrrhenian Sea). Their Roman name is the origin of the terms Tuscany, which refers to their heartland, and Etruria, which can refer to their wider region. The ancient Romans called its creators the Tusci or Etrusci. Extent of Etruscan civilization and the twelve Etruscan League cities.Д®truscan civilization is the modern English name given to a civilization of ancient Italy in the area corresponding roughly to Tuscany, western Umbria and northern Latium.